Orang
Koresh
(Ibr. Ko’resh), “Raja Persia” (Elam) yang termasyhur, penakluk Babel, dan yang mengeluarkan dekret pembebasan bagi orang-orang Yahudi (Ezra 1:1, 2). Ia adalah anak dari Kambises, pangeran Persia, dan lahir sekitar tahun 599 SM. Pada tahun 559 SM, ia menjadi raja Persia, dengan kerajaan Media yang ditambahkan ke dalamnya sebagian melalui penaklukan. Koresh adalah seorang pemimpin militer hebat yang bertekad melakukan penaklukan universal. Babel jatuh di hadapan pasukannya (538 SM) pada malam perjamuan Belsyazar (Daniel 5:30), dan kemudian wilayah kekuasaan Asyur kuno juga ditambahkan ke dalam kekaisarannya (bdk., “Majulah, hai Elam!”, Yesaya 21:2).
Hingga saat itu, raja-raja besar di bumi hanya menindas orang-orang Yahudi. Koresh bagi mereka adalah seperti seorang “gembala” (Yesaya 44:28; 45:1). Allah memakainya untuk melayani umat-Nya yang terdahulu. Ia mungkin telah memperoleh sebagian pengetahuan tentang agama mereka melalui kontak dengan orang-orang Yahudi.
“Tahun pertama zaman Koresh” (Ezra 1:1) bukanlah tahun kenaikannya ke tampuk kekuasaan atas orang Media, atau atas orang Persia, ataupun tahun jatuhnya Babel, melainkan tahun setelah dua tahun masa “Darius, orang Media” menjadi raja muda di Babel setelah kejatuhannya. Hanya pada waktu inilah (536 SM) Koresh menjadi raja yang sesungguhnya atas Palestina, yang menjadi bagian dari kekaisaran Babilonianya. Maklumat Koresh untuk pembangunan kembali Yerusalem menandai zaman penting dalam sejarah bangsa Yahudi (2 Tawarikh 36:22, 23; Ezra 1:1-4; 4:3; 5:13-17; 6:3-5).
Dekret ini ditemukan “di Akhmeta [catatan tepi R.V., “Ekbatan”], di istana yang berada di provinsi Media” (Ezra 6:2). Sebuah tawarikh yang disusun tepat setelah penaklukan Babilonia oleh Koresh memberikan sejarah pemerintahan Nabonidus (Nabunahid), raja terakhir Babel, dan kejatuhan kekaisaran Babilonia. Pada tahun 538 SM, terjadi pemberontakan di Babilonia Selatan, sementara pasukan Koresh memasuki negeri itu dari utara. Pada bulan Juni, tentara Babilonia dikalahkan sepenuhnya di Opis, dan segera sesudahnya Sipar membuka pintu gerbangnya bagi sang penakluk. Gobrias (Ugbaru), gubernur Kurdistan, kemudian dikirim ke Babel, yang menyerah “tanpa perlawanan”, dan ibadah harian di kuil-kuil berlanjut tanpa henti. Pada bulan Oktober, Koresh sendiri tiba dan mengumumkan amnesti umum, yang disampaikan oleh Gobrias kepada “seluruh provinsi Babel”, tempat ia diangkat menjadi gubernur. Sementara itu, Nabonidus, yang sempat bersembunyi, ditangkap tetapi diperlakukan dengan terhormat; dan ketika istrinya meninggal, Kambises, anak Koresh, memimpin upacara pemakaman. Koresh kini mengambil gelar “raja Babel”, mengaku sebagai keturunan raja-raja kuno, dan memberikan persembahan berlimpah ke kuil-kuil. Pada saat yang sama, ia mengizinkan bangsa-bangsa asing yang telah dideportasi ke Babilonia untuk kembali ke tanah air mereka, membawa serta patung-patung ilah mereka. Di antara bangsa-bangsa ini adalah orang-orang Yahudi, yang karena tidak memiliki patung, membawa serta bejana-bejana kudus dari bait suci.
Pohon keluarga
Telusuri silsilah keluarga Koresh dari generasi ke generasi, mulai dari leluhur dan kerabat hingga orang-orang yang terhubung dengan kehidupan mereka. Ikuti setiap cabang sejauh yang tercatat dalam Kitab Suci.
Graf hubungan
Posisi Koresh dalam kisah Alkitab yang lebih luas, menghubungkan orang-orang, tempat-tempat, keluarga, dan peristiwa yang terkait dengan kehidupan mereka. Lihat bagaimana hubungan-hubungan ini saling tumpang tindih dan membentuk satu gambaran utuh, bukan daftar-daftar terpisah.
Referensi Kitab Suci
19 ayat menyebutkan Koresh
| Referensi | Ayat |
|---|---|
| 2 Chronicles 36:22 | Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD spoken by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, |
| 2 Chronicles 36:23 | Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, All the kingdoms of the earth hath the LORD God of heaven given me; and he hath charged me to build him an house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Who is there among you of all his people? The LORD his God be with him, and let him go up. |
| Ezra 1:1 | Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the LORD by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the LORD stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, |
| Ezra 1:2 | Thus saith Cyrus king of Persia, The LORD God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth; and he hath charged me to build him an house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. |
| Ezra 1:7 | Also Cyrus the king brought forth the vessels of the house of the LORD, which Nebuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Jerusalem, and had put them in the house of his gods; |
| Ezra 1:8 | Even those did Cyrus king of Persia bring forth by the hand of Mithredath the treasurer, and numbered them unto Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah. |
| Ezra 3:7 | They gave money also unto the masons, and to the carpenters; and meat, and drink, and oil, unto them of Zidon, and to them of Tyre, to bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea of Joppa, according to the grant that they had of Cyrus king of Persia. |
| Ezra 4:3 | But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God; but we ourselves together will build unto the LORD God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia hath commanded us. |
| Ezra 4:5 | And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia. |
| Ezra 5:13 | But in the first year of Cyrus the king of Babylon the same king Cyrus made a decree to build this house of God. |
| Ezra 5:14 | And the vessels also of gold and silver of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought them into the temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take out of the temple of Babylon, and they were delivered unto one, whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had made governor; |
| Ezra 5:17 | Now therefore, if it seem good to the king, let there be search made in the king’s treasure house, which is there at Babylon, whether it be so, that a decree was made of Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusalem, and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this matter. |
| Ezra 6:3 | In the first year of Cyrus the king the same Cyrus the king made a decree concerning the house of God at Jerusalem, Let the house be builded, the place where they offered sacrifices, and let the foundations thereof be strongly laid; the height thereof threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof threescore cubits; |
| Ezra 6:14 | And the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo. And they builded, and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the commandment of Cyrus, and Darius, and Artaxerxes king of Persia. |
| Isaiah 44:28 | That saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure: even saying to Jerusalem, Thou shalt be built; and to the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid. |
| Isaiah 45:1 | Thus saith the LORD to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him; and I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates; and the gates shall not be shut; |
| Daniel 1:21 | And Daniel continued even unto the first year of king Cyrus. |
| Daniel 6:28 | So this Daniel prospered in the reign of Darius, and in the reign of Cyrus the Persian. |
| Daniel 10:1 | In the third year of Cyrus king of Persia a thing was revealed unto Daniel, whose name was called Belteshazzar; and the thing was true, but the time appointed was long: and he understood the thing, and had understanding of the vision. |
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