Tempat
Lebanon
Putih, “gunung putih Siria,” adalah pegunungan tertinggi dan paling terkenal di Siria. Pegunungan ini merupakan cabang yang membentang ke selatan dari Kaukasus, dan di ujung bawahnya terbagi menjadi dua rangkaian pegunungan yang sejajar, yaitu Anti-Lebanon di sebelah timur, dan Lebanon yang sebenarnya di sebelah barat. Keduanya mengapit lembah panjang (Yosua 11:17) selebar 5 hingga 8 mil, yang oleh para penulis Romawi disebut Koile-Siria, sekarang disebut el-Buka’a, “lembah itu,” perpanjangan dari lembah Yordan.
Lebanon yang sebenarnya, Jebel esh-Sharqi, berawal di ujung selatannya di ngarai Leontes, yaitu Litani kuno, dan membentang ke timur laut sejajar dengan pesisir Laut Tengah hingga Sungai Eleuterus, di dataran Emesa, “jalan masuk ke Hamat” (Bilangan 34:8; 1 Raja-raja 8:65), dengan panjang keseluruhan sekitar 90 mil geografis. Ketinggian rata-rata pegunungan ini antara 6.000 hingga 8.000 kaki; puncak Jebel Mukhmel sekitar 10.200 kaki, dan Sannin sekitar 9.000 kaki. Puncak-puncak tertingginya tertutup oleh salju dan es abadi. Di pelosok-pelosok pegunungan ini masih banyak berkeliaran binatang buas seperti zaman dahulu (2 Raja-raja 14:9; Kid. 4:8). Pemandangan Lebanon terkenal karena keagungan dan keindahannya, serta memberi para penulis suci banyak perumpamaan yang ekspresif (Mazmur 29:5, 6; 72:16; 104:16-18; Kid. 4:15; Yesaya 2:13; 35:2; 60:13; Hosea 14:5). Wilayah ini terkenal dengan pohon-pohon arasnya (Kid. 5:15), anggurnya (Hosea 14:7), dan airnya yang sejuk (Yeremia 18:14). Penduduk kunonya adalah orang Gebal dan orang Hewi (Yosua 13:5; Hakim-hakim 3:3). Wilayah ini dahulunya merupakan bagian dari kerajaan Fenisia (1 Raja-raja 5:2-6).
Pegunungan sebelah timur, atau Anti-Lebanon, atau “Lebanon ke arah matahari terbit,” membentang hampir sejajar dengan pegunungan barat dari dataran Emesa hingga terhubung dengan perbukitan Galilea di selatan. Ketinggian pegunungan ini sekitar 5.000 kaki. Puncak tertingginya adalah Hermon (lihat entri Hermon), yang darinya terpancar sejumlah pegunungan yang lebih kecil.
Lebanon pertama kali disebutkan dalam penjelasan batas wilayah Palestina (Ulangan 1:7; 11:24). Wilayah ini ditetapkan untuk Israel, tetapi tidak pernah ditaklukkan (Yosua 13:2-6; Hakim-hakim 3:1-3).
Pegunungan Lebanon sekarang dihuni oleh populasi sekitar 300.000 orang Kristen, Maronit, dan Druze, dan diperintah oleh seorang gubernur Kristen. Anti-Lebanon dihuni oleh orang Muslim, dan berada di bawah penguasa Turki.
Graf hubungan
Posisi Lebanon dalam kisah Alkitab yang lebih luas, menghubungkan orang-orang, tempat-tempat, keluarga, dan peristiwa yang terkait dengan kehidupan mereka. Lihat bagaimana hubungan-hubungan ini saling tumpang tindih dan membentuk satu gambaran utuh, bukan daftar-daftar terpisah.
Referensi Kitab Suci
56 ayat menyebutkan Lebanon
| Referensi | Ayat |
|---|---|
| Deuteronomy 1:7 | Turn you, and take your journey, and go to the mount of the Amorites, and unto all the places nigh thereunto, in the plain, in the hills, and in the vale, and in the south, and by the sea side, to the land of the Canaanites, and unto Lebanon, unto the great river, the river Euphrates. |
| Deuteronomy 3:25 | I pray thee, let me go over, and see the good land that is beyond Jordan, that goodly mountain, and Lebanon. |
| Deuteronomy 11:24 | Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours: from the wilderness and Lebanon, from the river, the river Euphrates, even unto the uttermost sea shall your coast be. |
| Joshua 1:4 | From the wilderness and this Lebanon even unto the great river, the river Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, and unto the great sea toward the going down of the sun, shall be your coast. |
| Joshua 9:1 | And it came to pass, when all the kings which were on this side Jordan, in the hills, and in the valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea over against Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof; |
| Joshua 13:5 | And the land of the Giblites, and all Lebanon, toward the sunrising, from Baalgad under mount Hermon unto the entering into Hamath. |
| Joshua 13:6 | All the inhabitants of the hill country from Lebanon unto Misrephothmaim, and all the Sidonians, them will I drive out from before the children of Israel: only divide thou it by lot unto the Israelites for an inheritance, as I have commanded thee. |
| Judges 9:15 | And the bramble said unto the trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, then come and put your trust in my shadow: and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon. |
| 1 Kings 4:33 | And he spake of trees, from the cedar tree that is in Lebanon even unto the hyssop that springeth out of the wall: he spake also of beasts, and of fowl, and of creeping things, and of fishes. |
| 1 Kings 5:6 | Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants: and unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt appoint: for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians. |
| 1 Kings 5:9 | My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea: and I will convey them by sea in floats unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt receive them: and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household. |
| 1 Kings 5:14 | And he sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses: a month they were in Lebanon, and two months at home: and Adoniram was over the levy. |
| 1 Kings 9:19 | And all the cities of store that Solomon had, and cities for his chariots, and cities for his horsemen, and that which Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land of his dominion. |
| 2 Kings 14:9 | And Jehoash the king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife: and there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. |
| 2 Kings 19:23 | By thy messengers thou hast reproached the Lord, and hast said, With the multitude of my chariots I am come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon, and will cut down the tall cedar trees thereof, and the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the lodgings of his borders, and into the forest of his Carmel. |
| 2 Chronicles 2:8 | Send me also cedar trees, fir trees, and algum trees, out of Lebanon: for I know that thy servants can skill to cut timber in Lebanon; and, behold, my servants shall be with thy servants, |
| 2 Chronicles 2:16 | And we will cut wood out of Lebanon, as much as thou shalt need: and we will bring it to thee in floats by sea to Joppa; and thou shalt carry it up to Jerusalem. |
| 2 Chronicles 8:6 | And Baalath, and all the store cities that Solomon had, and all the chariot cities, and the cities of the horsemen, and all that Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and throughout all the land of his dominion. |
| 2 Chronicles 25:18 | And Joash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, Give thy daughter to my son to wife: and there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trode down the thistle. |
| Ezra 3:7 | They gave money also unto the masons, and to the carpenters; and meat, and drink, and oil, unto them of Zidon, and to them of Tyre, to bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea of Joppa, according to the grant that they had of Cyrus king of Persia. |
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