以色列的士师

Before Israel had kings, there was no permanent ruler sitting on a throne. When Israel was oppressed by a neighboring people, God would raise up a judge, a military leader and deliverer, to rescue them. But the book of Judges is not a simple succession of rulers. Different judges led different regions, sometimes at the same time, as Israel repeatedly fell into oppression, cried out, and was delivered.

That overlap helps explain one of the book's biggest chronological puzzles. Add up each judge's stated years of oppression and rule, and the total runs far beyond the roughly 300 years available for this period in the Old Testament's chronology. The usual explanation is that many of these events were regional and overlapping rather than one long sequence of national rulers.

Explore the judges and their oppressors below to see where these stories fit, and where their timelines overlap. Click an oppressor to filter the page.

重叠时间线

威胁来自哪里？

阿拉姆-纳哈拉伊姆（美索不达米亚）

摩押

迦南（夏琐）

米甸

亚扪

非利士人

无名压迫者

拯救的循环

《士师记》并没有赋予每位士师相同的角色。其中六位士师详细记述了以色列的叛乱、压迫和得救；其余士师则只被简要提及，仅包括姓名、领地和在位年份。

Othniel

阿拉姆-纳哈拉伊姆（美索不达米亚）

罪

压迫

呼求

拯救者

和平

Ehud

摩押

罪

压迫

呼求

拯救者

和平

Deborah & Barak

迦南（夏琐）

罪

压迫

呼求

拯救者

和平

Gideon

米甸

罪

压迫

呼求

拯救者

和平

Jephthah

亚扪

罪

压迫

呼求

拯救者

和平

Samson

非利士人

罪

压迫

呼求

拯救者

和平

13 位士师

士师	部落	年数	故事
Othniel Judah · 阿拉姆-纳哈拉伊姆（美索不达米亚）统治下的 8 · 担任法官40 Caleb's younger kinsman, first of the judges. Israel serves Cushan-rishathaim of Aram-Naharaim eight years before Othniel delivers them, and the land rests forty (Judg 3:8-11).	Judah	阿拉姆-纳哈拉伊姆（美索不达米亚）统治下的 8 担任法官40	Caleb's younger kinsman, first of the judges. Israel serves Cushan-rishathaim of Aram-Naharaim eight years before Othniel delivers them, and the land rests forty (Judg 3:8-11).
Ehud Benjamin · 摩押统治下的 18 · 担任法官80 A left-handed Benjamite who hides a short sword under his clothes to reach Eglon of Moab alone, then kills him in his own chamber. The rest that follows, eighty years, is the longest of any judge (Judg 3:15-30).	Benjamin	摩押统治下的 18 担任法官80	A left-handed Benjamite who hides a short sword under his clothes to reach Eglon of Moab alone, then kills him in his own chamber. The rest that follows, eighty years, is the longest of any judge (Judg 3:15-30).
Shamgar 未指定部落 · 没有给出年份 Gets one verse: he kills six hundred Philistines with an ox goad. No years, no tribe, no cycle of sin and cry, just the deed (Judg 3:31).	未指定	没有给出年份	Gets one verse: he kills six hundred Philistines with an ox goad. No years, no tribe, no cycle of sin and cry, just the deed (Judg 3:31).
Deborah Ephraim · 迦南（夏琐）统治下的 20 · 担任法官40 A prophetess already judging Israel when she summons Barak to face Sisera's nine hundred iron chariots. Twenty years under Jabin of Hazor end at Mount Tabor (Judg 4-5).	Ephraim	迦南（夏琐）统治下的 20 担任法官40	A prophetess already judging Israel when she summons Barak to face Sisera's nine hundred iron chariots. Twenty years under Jabin of Hazor end at Mount Tabor (Judg 4-5).
Barak Naphtali · 迦南（夏琐）统治下的 20 · 担任法官40 Won't march on Sisera without Deborah beside him, so she tells him the honor of the kill will go to a woman instead. It does: Jael drives a tent peg through Sisera's skull (Judg 4:8-9, 21).	Naphtali	迦南（夏琐）统治下的 20 担任法官40	Won't march on Sisera without Deborah beside him, so she tells him the honor of the kill will go to a woman instead. It does: Jael drives a tent peg through Sisera's skull (Judg 4:8-9, 21).
Gideon Manasseh · 米甸统治下的 7 · 担任法官40 Threshes wheat in a winepress, hiding from Midianite raiders, when an angel calls him a mighty man of valor. Whittles his army from 32,000 to 300 and routs Midian by night (Judg 6-8).	Manasseh	米甸统治下的 7 担任法官40	Threshes wheat in a winepress, hiding from Midianite raiders, when an angel calls him a mighty man of valor. Whittles his army from 32,000 to 300 and routs Midian by night (Judg 6-8).
Tola Issachar · 担任法官23 Rises after Abimelech's brief, bloody kingship to judge Israel twenty-three years from Shamir in the hill country of Ephraim. No oppression, no enemy named, just the years (Judg 10:1-2).	Issachar	担任法官23	Rises after Abimelech's brief, bloody kingship to judge Israel twenty-three years from Shamir in the hill country of Ephraim. No oppression, no enemy named, just the years (Judg 10:1-2).
Jair Manasseh (Gilead) · 担任法官22 Judges Israel twenty-two years; his thirty sons ride thirty donkeys and hold thirty towns in Gilead. Buried at Kamon (Judg 10:3-5).	Manasseh (Gilead)	担任法官22	Judges Israel twenty-two years; his thirty sons ride thirty donkeys and hold thirty towns in Gilead. Buried at Kamon (Judg 10:3-5).
Jephthah Manasseh (Gilead) · 亚扪统治下的 18 · 担任法官6 A commander's son driven out by his own half-brothers, recalled by Gilead's elders when Ammon presses in. Wins the war, then keeps a rash vow that costs him his only daughter (Judg 11).	Manasseh (Gilead)	亚扪统治下的 18 担任法官6	A commander's son driven out by his own half-brothers, recalled by Gilead's elders when Ammon presses in. Wins the war, then keeps a rash vow that costs him his only daughter (Judg 11).
Ibzan 未指定部落 · 担任法官7 Judges Israel seven years from Bethlehem, marrying off thirty sons and thirty daughters outside his own clan. The text doesn't say which Bethlehem (Judg 12:8-10).	未指定	担任法官7	Judges Israel seven years from Bethlehem, marrying off thirty sons and thirty daughters outside his own clan. The text doesn't say which Bethlehem (Judg 12:8-10).
Elon Zebulun · 担任法官10 Ten years as judge, then buried in Aijalon in his own tribe's territory. That's the whole record (Judg 12:11-12).	Zebulun	担任法官10	Ten years as judge, then buried in Aijalon in his own tribe's territory. That's the whole record (Judg 12:11-12).
Abdon Ephraim · 担任法官8 Forty sons and thirty grandsons, each riding his own donkey. Eight years from Pirathon, the last judge before Samson (Judg 12:13-15).	Ephraim	担任法官8	Forty sons and thirty grandsons, each riding his own donkey. Eight years from Pirathon, the last judge before Samson (Judg 12:13-15).
Samson Dan · 非利士人统治下的 40 · 担任法官20 A Nazirite from birth, strong enough to kill a lion bare-handed and carry off a city gate, undone by one haircut. Judges Israel twenty years under a forty-year Philistine oppression that outlasts him (Judg 13-16).	Dan	非利士人统治下的 40 担任法官20	A Nazirite from birth, strong enough to kill a lion bare-handed and carry off a city gate, undone by one haircut. Judges Israel twenty years under a forty-year Philistine oppression that outlasts him (Judg 13-16).

共 13 位士师中的 13 位